Tungsten Plate
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Tungsten Plate

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Introduction to Tungsten Plates

Tungsten plates stand as a testament to the excellent properties of this remarkable metal, offering a versatile and robust solution for a myriad of industrial applications. As one of the densest and hardest materials known to man, tungsten plates embody strength, resilience, and an ability to withstand extreme onditions.
Standard: ASTM B760, GB/T 3975
Purity: ≥99.95%
Density: 19.3 g/cm(3)
Melting point: 3410 ℃
Size: Size: Custom width and length.
Thickness range: > 4.75 mm
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High Precision Tungsten Plate

Specification: (1.0-42.0)mm x (30-450)mm x≤500mm.
Standard: GB/T3875 ASTM B760.
Size tolerance: ±0.025mm.
Squareness: 0.025mm.
Surface roughness: Ra 0.8.
Applications: Widely used in the fields of ion implantation, sputtering, and coating.

Properties and Characteristics of Tungsten Plates

High Density

Tungsten is one of the densest materials known, providing tungsten plates with exceptional mass and weight. High density makes tungsten plates valuable for applications where weight and compactness are critical factors.

Electrical Conductivity

While not as high as some other metals, tungsten still possesses good electrical conductivity. Tungsten plates find applications in electronics and electrical components where reliable conductivity is essential.

Thermal Conductivity

Tungsten exhibits excellent thermal conductivity. Tungsten platess efficiently conduct and dissipate heat, contributing to their use in high-temperature applications and heat-resistant materials.
Tungsten is often alloyed with Copper to enhance the properties. WCu alloy’s thermal conductivity is enhanced by the inclusion of copper, making it an effective material for managing heat in electronic and high-temperature environments.

High Melting Point

Tungsten possesses the highest melting point of all metals, exceeding 3,422 degrees Celsius (6,192 degrees Fahrenheit).
Tungsten plates excel in high-temperature environments, making them suitable for use in furnaces, aerospace components, and other applications where extreme heat is a factor.

Ductility and Malleability

Tungsten exhibits low ductility and malleability in its pure form. Despite its brittleness, tungsten plates can be fabricated into various shapes through processes like rolling.

Corrosion Resistance

Tungsten is highly resistant to corrosion. Tungsten platess maintain their integrity in corrosive environments, contributing to their longevity and reliability in industrial applications.

Radiation Absorption

Tungsten is effective in absorbing and attenuating ionizing radiation. Tungsten platess are utilized in medical applications, particularly in X-ray technology, where their radiation absorption properties enhance precision in diagnostics.

Precision Machining and Fabrication

Tungsten plates are amenable to precision machining despite their hardness. This property enables the fabrication of intricate components and cutting tools for advanced manufacturing processes.

Tungsten Plates in Various Industries

Vacuum Furnace Heating Elements

Tungsten’s resistance to high temperatures and its low vapor pressure in a vacuum make pure tungsten rods suitable for use as heating elements in vacuum furnaces. These heating elements maintain their structural integrity under extreme conditions, ensuring reliable performance.

Nuclear Industry Components

Tungsten rods are used in various components within the nuclear industry, including radiation shields, reactor control rods, and other critical elements due to tungsten’s ability to withstand high radiation levels and extreme conditions.

Electron Beam Machining

Tungsten rods are employed as cathodes in electron beam machining processes. The high melting point and electron emission characteristics of tungsten contribute to the precision and efficiency of this machining method.

Aerospace Propulsion Systems

In aerospace engineering, pure tungsten rods are used in components such as rocket nozzles and other propulsion systems. The high melting point and mechanical strength of tungsten make it well-suited for withstanding the extreme conditions associated with space travel.

Radiation Shielding

Tungsten rods, due to their high density, are utilized in radiation shielding applications. They are employed in medical facilities for shielding against X-rays and gamma rays, ensuring the safety of personnel and patients.

Ion Implantation

In semiconductor manufacturing, tungsten rods are used in ion implantation processes. The ability of tungsten to withstand high-energy ion bombardment makes it suitable for use as a target material in ion implanters.

Chemical Composition of Tungsten Plates

W (≥%） Chemical Content (≤ %）
99.95 K Fe Al Mo Si As Ca Cr Mg Mn Na Ni Bi Cd
0.0015 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.0015 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.0005 0.0005
Cu Pb Sb Co Ti Sn
0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Tungsten Plates vs. Other Materials

Pure Tungsten W-La Alloy Tungsten Rhenium Alloy
Composition W WLa10 (0.8-1.2% La2O3), WLa15 (1.3-1.7% La2O3), WLa20 (1.8-2.2% La2O3) WRe3%, WRe5%, WRe25%, WRe26%
Properties High melting point.
High density.
Brittle.		 Enhanced ductility compared to pure tungsten.
Improved electron emission characteristics.
High-temperature stability.		 Improved ductility and tensile strength compared to pure tungsten.
High-temperature strength and stability.
Moderate electrical resistivity.
Applications TIG welding electrodes.
High-temperature furnace components.
Radiation shielding.		 Electron emitters in electron microscopy.
Cathodes in electronics.
High-temperature applications.		 Aerospace applications (thermocouples, rocket nozzles).
High-temperature furnace elements.
X-ray tubes
Costs Generally less expensive. Moderate cost. More expensive due to the addition of rhenium.

Summary

Pure Tungsten

Best for applications requiring the highest melting point and density.
Ideal when brittleness is not a limiting factor.

Tungsten-Lanthanum Alloy

Offers improved ductility compared to pure tungsten.
Suitable for applications requiring enhanced electron emission.

Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy

Provides a balance of strength, ductility, and high-temperature stability.
Valuable in aerospace and high-temperature environments.
The choice depends on the specific requirements of the application, considering factors such as temperature conditions, mechanical properties, and cost considerations. Each material has its advantages, and the selection should be tailored to the needs of the particular use case.

Maintenance and Care Tips

Tungsten plates, given their unique properties and applications, require specific maintenance and care to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Here are some maintenance and care tips for tungsten plates:

  1. Handling and Storage:

  1. Handle with Care: Tungsten is a hard and brittle material. Avoid dropping or subjecting tungsten plates to impact, as this can lead to chipping or breakage. Avoid Contaminants: Keep tungsten plates away from contaminants, such as oils and greases, which can affect their performance.

  1. Cleaning:

  1. Use Mild Cleaning Agents: When cleaning tungsten plates, use mild cleaning agents and solvents. Harsh chemicals can react with tungsten and compromise its surface integrity.
  2. Avoid Abrasives: Refrain from using abrasive materials for cleaning, as they can scratch or damage the surface.

  1. Temperature Considerations:

  1. Avoid Rapid Temperature Changes: Tungsten rods can withstand high temperatures, but rapid temperature changes, especially extreme quenching, may lead to thermal stress and potential cracking.
  2. Gradual Cooling: Allow tungsten plates to cool gradually after exposure to high temperatures to minimize thermal shock.

  1. Welding Applications:

  1. Check for Contamination: In welding applications, ensure that the tungsten electrode is free from any contamination, which can affect the quality of the weld.
  2. Proper Grinding Techniques: When grinding tungsten electrodes for welding, use proper techniques and equipment to maintain the correct tip geometry.

  1. Storage Conditions:

  1. Dry Storage: Store tungsten plates in a dry environment to prevent corrosion or oxidation.
  2. Avoid Humidity: If tungsten plates are exposed to high humidity, consider using moisture-absorbing materials in storage areas.

  1. Avoid Excessive Force:

  1. Minimize Bending: Tungsten rods are rigid but can be brittle. Avoid applying excessive force or bending, especially if the rod has a small diameter.

  1. Use in Appropriate Applications:

  1. Know the Limitations: Be aware of the limitations of tungsten plates. While they excel in high-temperature and high-strength applications, they may not be suitable for applications requiring high ductility.

  1. Regular Inspection:

  1. Check for Damage: Periodically inspect tungsten plates for any signs of damage, such as cracks or chips.
  2. Replace Damaged Rods: If any damage is detected, replace the tungsten rod to prevent compromising the performance of the material.

  1. Proper Machining Practices:

  1. Use Suitable Tools: When machining tungsten plates, use tools that are designed for hard materials to avoid excessive wear and ensure precision.

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